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Continental Army (Lake Champlain) Schooner Liberty |
| Liberty |
| Schooner | (1) Captain John Prout Sloan |
| Continental Army Schooner | 11 May 1775-20 May 1775 |
| [Lake Champlain Squadron] | (2) Captain Isaac Mathues
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| Commissioned/First Date: | 14 May 1775/11 May 1775 |
| Out of Service/Cause: | 6 July 1777/captured during Action at Skenesborough |
| Tonnage: | 40 |
| Battery: | Date Reported: 21 May 17751 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 4/ Total: 4 cannon/ Broadside: 2 cannon/ Swivels: six Date Reported: 26 May 17752 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 4/ Total: 4 cannon/ Broadside: 2 cannon/ Swivels: eight Date Reported: 1 June 17753 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 4/4-pounder 16 pounds 8 pounds Total: 4 cannon/16 pounds Broadside: 2 cannon/8 pounds Swivels: eight Date Reported: 7 August 17764 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 8/ Total: 8 cannon/ Broadside: 4 cannon/ Swivels: Date Reported: 18 August 17765 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 2/4-pounder 8 pounds 4 pounds 6/2-pounder 12 pounds 6 pounds Total: 8 cannon/20 pounds Broadside: 4 cannon/10 pounds Swivels: Date Reported: 10 October 17766 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 6/2-pounder 12 pounds 6 pounds Total: 6 cannon/12 pounds Broadside: 3 cannon/6 pounds Swivels: Date Reported: 14 October 17767 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 8/4-pounder 32 pounds 16 pounds Total: 8 cannon/32 pounds Broadside: 4 cannon/16 pounds Swivels: Date Reported: 23 October 17768 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 8/ Total: 8 cannon/ Broadside: 4 cannon/ Swivels: Date Reported: [modern]9 Number/Caliber Weight Broadside 4/4-pounder 16 pounds 8 pounds 4/2-pounder 8 pounds 4 pounds Total: 8 cannon/24 pounds Broadside: 4 cannon/12 pounds Swivels: |
| Crew: | (1) 14 May 1775: 50 [total]
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| Description: | Liberty was built in 1774, a rather flat-floored, shallow-draft schooner, possibly with some carvings and a figurehead. She was rigged as a ketch, fore and aft, with one square yard on the foremast and no topsail. She was 41' in length on the deck, 31' on the keel, with an extreme beam of 14'9"’ and a depth in the hold of 3'1"’. During her refit in May and June 1776 she was painted red, or barn color. She was a rather poor sailer to windward. |
| Officers: | (1) Acting Captain of Marines Eleazer Oswald, 11 May 1775-; (1) [First Lieutenant Mathias Premier], [1776?] |
| Cruises: | (1) Skenesborough, New York to Fort Ticonderoga, New York, 11 May 1775-14 May 1775
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| Prizes: | (1) Quebec Provincial Marine Sloop Betsey, 18 May 1775 |
| Actions: | (1) Action at Fort St. Johns, 18 May 1775
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Comments:
Continental Army Schooner Liberty began was originally the trading vessel Katherine (or Catherine)10 built by Major Philip Skene at Skenesborough on Lake Champlain in 1774.11 She was a rather flat-floored schooner, the shallow draft being suitable for sailing on Lake Champlain. She may have had some carvings and a figurehead. She was rigged as a ketch, fore and aft, with one square yard on the foremast and no topsail. Liberty may have been a sloop with a mizzen added.12 Skene’s schooner was also referred to as a snow once.13 Katherine was 41' in length on the deck, 31' on the keel, with an extreme beam of 14'9"’ and a depth in the hold of 3'1"’, and measured 40 tons.14
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Reconstructed lines of the “schooner” Liberty, from Millar, Early American Ships, 130. Millar reconstructs her dimensions as 48' length on the keel, 41' length on the deck, and with a beam of 14'. Note the “pink” stern he has given her. |
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During her refit in May and June 1776 she was perhaps painted red, or barn color.15 Liberty demonstrated rather poor sailing qualities in beating to windward.16 She was referred to as “small” frequently, and once as about half the size of the armed sloop on the lake, which was stated to be 70 tons.17 Katherine was supposed to be armed and “of some consequence on the lake.”18
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Contemporary view of the Continental Army Schooner Liberty. Detail of a print found by S.H.P. Pell, taken from Howard I. Chapelle, History of the American Sailing Navy, Plate V. |
Drawing of the Liberty by Millar (Early American Ships, 129) from the Pell print. Note the “pink” stern. |
Another drawing based on the Pell print. There is no “pink” stern, but a long tiller. From the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum. |
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Katherine was captured at Skenesborough by Captain Samuel Herrick on 11 May 1775, during the initial American attack on Fort Ticonderoga and the surrounding posts.19 Although Herrick is referred to as one of Allen’s men,20 this unit was later apparently under command of Colonel Benedict Arnold.21 Certainly, some of Arnold’s men accompanied Herrick. Shortly after her capture she was commandeered by some of Arnold’s men, including John Prout Sloan, Jonathan Brown, and Eleazer Oswald,22 and re-christened Liberty.23 Liberty sailed for Fort Ticonderoga on 11 May,24 arriving on the afternoon of 14 May, with about fifty of Arnold’s men.25
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The Pell print. The original is a watercolor in the Fort Ticonderoga museum. It is said to be painted by C. Randle in 1777. It is also said to be a 1930s forgery. |
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There Colonel Arnold took charge of her, confirmed Sloan as Captain26 and Oswald as Captain of Marines,27 and sailed for Crown Point on the 14th,28 arriving on the evening of the 15th.29 The next day the winds were again contrary, so Arnold left Liberty and set out with thirty men in a bateau, heading for Fort St. Johns. Sloan and Oswald were left in charge of the Liberty, to follow behind. About 1200, Liberty’s crew sighted a boat. The coxswain was sent out to bring her to the schooner, and she proved to be the British post boat from Montreal, with a junior officer aboard. When Sloan and Oswald examined the mail they must have been simply astounded: it contained a return of British troops in all Canada, listing the number at each post.30
The wind turned on the 17th, a “fair gale” said Oswald, and Liberty soon caught up with Arnold and took him and his men aboard. The Americans were thirty miles above31 Fort St, Johns at nightfall,32 (180033 or 2000),34 near Pointe au Fer,35 when the wind died off.36 The Americans armed and manned two bateaux with thirty-five men and started rowing.37
The American raiding party arrived within half a mile of Fort St. Johns38 at 0600,39 sunrise, and put into a small mosquito-infested creek, while a man was sent out to gather information. Soon the man returned with the good news: their arrival was unexpected. The Americans pushed out and landed about sixty rods from the barracks, formed up and marched toward them.40 The small British force, thirteen41 or fourteen men, formed up and acted as if to fight. When the Americans got close they threw down their arms and retreated into the barracks.42 Men were now sent to capture the Quebec Provincial Marine Sloop Betsey, anchored two miles below the fort.43 She was easily surprised and captured with her seven man crew. Betsey was found to be armed with two brass 6-pounders.44 The 70 ton sloop was soon brought up to Fort St. Johns.45
Fourteen prisoners, fourteen stand of arms, two brass field pieces, and four boats were captured, besides the sloop, which had just completed fitting out.46 The Americans learned that the sloop’s captain had gone to Montreal for orders and reinforcements and that the British knew of the fall of the upper forts. Quickly loading the booty and destroying five other boats, the Americans set sail under a fine north gale within two hours after landing.47
Six miles above Fort St. Johns the retreating Americans met Allen, with ninety men in four boats. He was determined to advance and secure Fort St. Johns, even though Arnold explained that British troops were on the march for there.48 Allen had been so hasty in embarking his men that he had neglected to obtain provisions. Arnold loaned Allen some food and the parties went on their way.49
Liberty, and the captured Betsey, and assorted boats arrived at Crown Point at 1000 on 19 May.50 On the 20th both vessels sailed down to Fort Ticonderoga with Arnold, where Sloan transferred to the sloop, re-christened Enterprise.51 Command of the Liberty was given to Captain Isaac Mathues, described by Arnold as a “judicious, able” commander.52 Arnold was “determined to arm the Sloop & Schooner immediately.”53
Schooner Liberty and Sloop Enterprise were at Fort Ticonderoga on 21 May, where Arnold was preparing to sail north to Crown Point, to “make a stand,” in case of British counterattack, following Allen’s reversal at Fort St. Johns. Arnold had both vessels in “good Order as posable (for the time).”54 Liberty was given four cannon and six swivels,55 soon raised to eight swivels.56 However there was a shortage of sailors and Arnold requested the Committee of Safety at Albany to forward “mates, gunners, marines &c.” for both vessels, enclosing a list of proposed wages. Arnold requested Albany forward the request to New York if they were unavailable at Albany. He also urgently requested gunpowder, there being only 150 pounds for both vessels.57 After this quick refit, Liberty and Enterprise, the latter acting as flagship, sailed down to Crown Point.58
Arnold’s plan was to use the vessels to patrol the lake until more men, ammunition and provisions had come up.59 A handsome reinforcement arrived between 23 and 26 May: “Eight Gentlemen...from Hartford, who are Seamen.”60 These men were the “Eight marines,”61 who escorted Barnabas Deane, and Colonels Webb and Porter to Fort Ticonderoga with £500 cash to succor the garrison.62 Deane reported that Liberty was armed with four 4-pounders and eight swivels.63
Albany proved unable to furnish the men required and asked New York, on 26 May, to forward two mates, two gunners, two gunner’s mates, two boatswains, and eighteen sailors, for the lake vessels. Albany also requested that all sorts of small stores be furnished.64
On 27 May a council of war was held aboard the Enterprise, where it was decided to advance to Pointe au Fer with the two vessels, supplemented by a “number of Arm’d Boats, well mann’d.” There the Americans would bottle up the British, act on the defensive, and command the lake. The place was six miles south of the Quebec-New York border, which the Americans were not allowed to cross at the time.65 Before this expedition could sail, the orders of the Continental Congress, cancelling any incursions into Canada, arrived.
While the vessels were waiting, the New York Provincial Congress ordered Commissary Peter T. Curtenius to furnish to the Commissioners at Albany, for use on the lakes, 2 mates, 2 gunners, 2 carpenters, 2 gunner’s mates, 2 boatswains, 20 seamen, and various other supplies.66 This would have been a reinforcement of fourteen men for Liberty’s crew.
About 6 June, Arnold took Liberty and Enterprise down the lake on patrol, sailing as far as Isle aux Noix.67 They returned to Crown Point on 10 June at 1700, having observed the British fortifying at Fort St. Johns and beginning to construct water craft.68
About 18 June 1775, Colonel Benjamin Hinman of Connecticut arrived at Fort Ticonderoga with fresh troops and orders to take command of the fort. Arnold refused to surrender the command to Hinman.69 Four days later an investigating committee from Massachusetts arrived, to examine and settle Massachusetts affairs on the lake.70 On 23 June the Massachusetts Committee went up to Crown Point, and had an acrimonious meeting with Arnold. He was ordered to hand over command to Hinman forthwith. Angered, Arnold verbally resigned and disbanded his regiment.71 The men were given to understand that they would not be paid (perhaps by Arnold) and became “mutinous.”72 Many of his men enlisted in a new regiment formed by the committee under a personal enemy of Arnold’s, James Easton. Arnold retired to the lake vessels, which were drawn off into the lake. Threats were made to sail these down to Fort St. Johns and deliver them to the British. When the committeemen rowed out in a batteau they were “treated very ill and threatened.” A few shots with small arms and swivels were fired at them as they rowed back to shore.73 Colonel Edward Mott, a Colonel Sullivan, Judge William Duer of New York, Lieutenant Jeremiah Halsey, and some others went back out to the vessels in a bateau. They were split up and confined aboard (three on each vessel) when they arrived about 1100. Men with fixed bayonets guarded them. The negotiators were kept until evening, when they were dismissed. Captain Jonathan Brown “much insulted” Sullivan. But the prisoners reasoned with the disgruntled men and had convinced many of their error. Some declared they had been deceived by Arnold. Hinman, upon the return of the negotiators in the evening, sent Halsey with a boat and twenty-five men, back to the vessels. He was ordered to get what men aboard the vessels he could to join him, and then bring the vessels to Fort Ticonderoga. Halsey secured both vessels and brought them down to Fort Ticonderoga on the morning of 25 June.74
Captain James Stewart probably replaced Mathues about 25 June, under overall command of “Commodore” Jeremiah Halsey. After most of Arnold’s men had left, the Liberty returned to Crown Point from Fort Ticonderoga, in early July.75 Stewart was in command of the Liberty by 1 July 1775.76
In late July Liberty went on patrol down the lake from Crown Point. Off Isle la Motte she met two canoes with French and Indians, who informed that Carleton was trying to raise the tribes, that the Canadians were indifferent, that a picketed fort with a ditch was erecting at Fort St. Johns, and there were 450 men there. British scouts had been as far south as Gilliland’s Farm, thirty-five miles north of Ticonderoga. Liberty returned to Crown Point on 26 July.77
On 30 July, Liberty sailed from Crown Point on another patrol down the lake. At 1600 her lookouts saw a boat under sail and stopped her. The boat belonged to Gilliland, and a man was found aboard with a pass from Major Charles Preston, British commander at Fort St. Johns. Gilliland told the Americans that there was another man ashore with a pass from Carleton. Liberty took both men into custody.78 The next day both men were sent up to Crown Point with a guard of three men and Liberty resumed her voyage about 0700. She pushed up toward Isle la Motte,79 but met heavy squalls in the afternoon and returned to anchor under Schuyler’s Island.80 On 2 August Stewart and his Lieutenant of Marines went ashore with the boat to reconnoiter.81 Liberty weighed anchor at 0800 on 3 August and sailed from the southwest end to the northwest end of the lake, to a place called the “Frenchman’s House.” Landing with the Lieutenant of Marines and a sergeant, Stewart met Captain Remember Baker there. Baker had been out on a scout and had picked up information: the two schooners would be ready to sail by mid-August. They were 52' on the keel, mounting sixteen guns besides swivels. The French and Indian informants showed the Americans a place on the lake where the channel was very narrow and ran close inshore, a place to fortify to stop the British vessels. Captain Stewart, after consulting Baker, thought it best to bring this information to Schuyler. There was a “fine Gale of Wind,” so Liberty sailed for Crown Point.82 Liberty arrived at Crown Point at 1600 on 4 August.83
On 12 August Private (or Sergeant) Peter Griffin, and Lieutenant Watson, both of Easton’s regiment, departed from Crown Point, on a hair-raising sortie to scout down the lake. Watson was also serving as Lieutenant of Marines aboard the Enterprise. On the 20th the two met the Liberty, with Captain Remember Baker84 and Major John Brown aboard.85 Baker selected Griffin for a scout into Canada.86
The next day Griffin landed with an Indian at dawn from the Liberty, below Wind Mill Point on the west side of the Sorel River. Griffin proceeded up the Sorel to within 500 paces of the fortification at Fort St. Johns, arriving at 1800. He observed four or five cannon mounted on the south intrenchment, facing the river, two vessels on the stocks, fifty to sixty feet long, pitched black and planked up to the gunwales. Griffin departed from Fort St. Johns at daybreak on the 22nd. He evaded an Indian patrol, and spent the night at a friendly inhabitant’s house. He managed to get back aboard the Liberty on the morning of the 23rd.87
While Griffin was up the Sorel, Liberty under Brown’s direction, sounded the lake channel near the point below Windmill Point. Brown is of the “opinion that a stand may be made there.” Brown noted that, if the Army were not ready to advance, then a plan of blocking the lake must be adopted before the British vessels were finished.88 With the Liberty at anchor north of Isle La Motte, Griffin reported to Brown. The two vessels were nearly completed, the hulls were finished up to the gunwales and the masts were preparing. The vessels appeared large. Brown thought they would be finished in a week or ten days. The British workers were busy, working til after dark. Brown noted that “These Vessels when on the Lake will effectually Command it, & the Expedition is up for this Year...” These vessels could “Sweep this Lake in its present Condition.” Brown urged the quick advance of the Army into Canada, Brown offering to lead the way. He also reported two regiments were coming to the army by way of the Cohos and the Onion River.89 Before Griffin had got aboard, Captain Remember Baker left the Liberty to canoe down the Sorel toward Isle aux Noix, to pick up Griffin. Baker was chased off by Indian patrols. After reporting Griffin was dispatched to Crown Point, where he arrived on 24 August. The next day he was at Fort Ticonderoga, reporting to Montgomery personally.90 Liberty dropped off Baker with a few scouts and then sailed for Crown Point.91 But Baker had pushed his luck too far. About 25 August he met one of Carleton’s Indian patrols. In a skirmish two Indians were killed but so was Baker.92
Liberty was back from this scout by about 22 August. On 28 August she was at Fort Ticonderoga, where advance elements of the army were embarking aboard the fleet for the advance into Canada. On 28 August the fleet sailed, Liberty being accompanied by Enterprise and gondolas Hancock and Schuyler.93 The main body encountered heavy rain at 2200, and went ashore and encamped, continuing to Crown Point and arriving there on 30 August. “A barbarous north wind” held them there until 31 August. The advance party landed on Isle aux Noix about 30 August. Which of these groups the Liberty accompanied is uncertain.94
On 3 September Montgomery, the army, and the fleet arrived at Isle la Motte. They had been detained in their voyage by adverse winds and rain. On 4 September Schuyler arrived and the forces advanced to Isle aux Noix. The army prepared to advance by landing the baggage and provisions on Isle aux Noix on 5 September.95
At dawn on 6 September96 the Americans embarked and proceeded down the Richelieu River to within two miles of Fort St. Johns. No opposition was encountered, nor any British seen. As the fort came within sight the British opened fire, but without doing any damage. The Americans sailed a half mile farther, then landed in a “close deep Swamp.” After forming up the Americans advanced through marshy wooded ground to reconnoiter the fort. After a deadly skirmish and some shelling the Americans camped for the night, entrenching against a surprise attack.97 When the British threw a few shells into the American camp, they fell back a mile and entrenched again.98
The army re-embarked and sailed back to Isle aux Noix on 7 September, where Schuyler ordered the men to “secure Ourselves” and prevent “the Enemy” from getting into the lake.99 A boom, already prepared, was to be put across the narrow Richelieu channel.100
Schuyler readied the army to move again. To support this advance the naval squadron, two row-galleys [gondolas], each with a 12-pounder, sloop Enterprise, schooner Liberty, and ten batteau, with three hundred and fifty picked men, were to lay in the river to prevent Royal Savage from escaping to the south.101 The Americans landed about 2200 on 10 September, at the place where they had encamped on the night of the 6th. They formed up and began to march. As they approached the entrenchment from their first visit they received a “very heavy Fire” from two batteau on the lake, with swivel and grape, supported by Indians sniping from the land. The American gondolas heard the firing and advanced up the river.102 William Douglas took charge of one gondola.103 He fired three 12-pounders at the British batteau. One shot hit the enemy’s princpal batteau in the bow, and “tore her from Stem to Stern.” She immediately sank, with all her thirty-five man crew.104 Schuyler reported the gondola fired ball and grape into the batteau, and that thirty men were drowned or killed.105 The Americans took the breastwork, killing one Indian and one British soldier in the charge.106 It was now past midnight. The Americans below Fort St. Johns could see the Royal Savage coming down in the morning, her 180 tons looking enormous, and reputedly armed with twelve 9-pounders. The army decided to retreat to Isle aux Noix until more artillery could be obtained.107
The army was ordered to embark on the 14th for another advance. Guns and mortars were to be loaded in batteau, carriages for the guns in the galleys [gondolas]. Seventy-two barrels of provisions were to be loaded in the two “Petiaugres,” along with axes and intrenching tools. Liberty was to proceed with the Army.108 Captain William Douglas and Lieutenant Samuel Lockwood were ordered to choose “determined Volunteer Crews & good Rowers” for the two galleys.109 The naval plan that evolved was to station the two row galleys [gondolas], armed with a 12-pounder each, and each well manned, with ten batteau manned with picked men, in the river. Liberty and Enterprise were to attack the Royal Savage (now supposed to be completed, with sixteen guns), if the Royal Savage should attempt to come out to destroy the boats and cut off the army’s communication. The army to land at the same place as the first time. Three hundred and fifty men were to be in the naval flotilla, with five hundred men stationed north of the fort. Two hundred men were to guard the landing place and the boats, in case the Royal Savage got past the navy.110
Finally, on 17 September, the American army embarked. The Americans arrived before Fort St. Johns in the evening and encamped.111 The British took up their previous tactics, bombarding the American camp with harassing fire. On the 17th and the 18th there were several skirmishes while the Americans took post around the fort. The British reacted to these smart little actions by bombarding the American camp all day. Thirty cannon and eight bombs were fired. The Americans returned forty-four shots from their 12-pounders, hitting a batteau and the Royal Savage several times.112
The American squadron at Fort St. Johns was disposed in a thin picket line across the Richelieu River, from the upper works to the eastern shore. Enterprise and Liberty were anchored from bow and stern, and lay across current. The two gondolas, Hancock and Schuyler, were anchored with their sterns to the flow. Each gondola now disposed twelve swivel guns. Two large bateaux had been armed with swivels and were placed on the east as flank security. All six vessels were manned with crews totaling 320 men.113
At Fort St. Johns the skirmishes continued. On the 20th the British sent out a batteau as a scout, to examine the American positions.114 Douglas,115 “who commands one of our armed Boats,”116 fired four 12-pounders117 with balls and grape shot, and scored a hit.118 Several of the enemy boats were firing on the Americans. By report, thirty Canadians were killed or drowned.119
From 20 September until 2 November there were almost daily skirmishes and shelling around Fort St. Johns. When Chambly fell to the Americans, Montgomery and Preston agreed to a cessation of fire on 20 October, to allow the prisoners from Chambly and their baggage to be evacuated past the fort by batteau. At the American camp they were put aboard the lake vessels and stayed overnight before being sent up the lake. When Fort St. Johns surrendered on 3 November, Montgomery used the lake vessels to evacuate the prisoners. Within three hours Montgomery had the 600 prisoners being moved to the rear.120
Following the fall of Fort St. Johns, Douglas had set about the task of preparing the Lake Champlain squadron for the winter. Enterprise and Liberty were at Fort St. Johns, but needed minor refitting.121 Douglas was organizing the captured supplies for storage and evacuation. The Royal Savage and the captured row galley were back in service by late November. On 27 November these two, along with the Enterprise and the Liberty, arrived at Fort Ticonderoga laden with the baggage and the prisoners captured at Fort St. Johns.122 Douglas soon concluded his work at Fort St. Johns. Winter was fast approaching and it was time to lay up the lake vessels for the winter. He was at Fort Ticonderoga on 2 December 1775. Here Douglas certified that two sailors had enlisted on the lakes and served loyally.123 Not long after Douglass presumably left for New York. Stewart also apparently left about the end of 1775, leaving Liberty without a commander.
To be continued . . .
1 NDAR, “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Albany Committee pf Safety,”’ 1, 503-504 and 504 note
2 NDAR, “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety,”’ 1, 539; “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety,”’ 1, 561-562 and 562 note
3 NDAR, “‘Barnabas Deane to Silas Deane,”’ 1, 589
4 NDAR, 6, 96-98. Gates’ first list.
5 NDAR, 6, 224. Gates’ second list.
6 NDAR, 6, 1197-1198.
7 NDAR, 6, 1257-1258. Carleton’s report to Lord George Germain.
8 NDAR, 6, 1380-1381. A report by a non-eyewitness.
9 Chapelle, American Sailing Navy, 103, 545
10 Bellico, Sails and Steam in the Mountains, 117
11 Chapelle, American Sailing Navy, 545; Smith, Marines in the Revolution, 24
12 Chapelle, American Sailing Navy, 112
13 NDAR, “‘Extract of a Letter from a Gentleman in New York, May 22 [1775],”’ I, 504
14 Smith, Marines in the Revolution, 24, 26
15 Chapelle, American Sailing Navy, 113
16 Bird, Navies in the Mountains, 134; Smith, Marines in the Revolution, 26
17 NDAR, “‘Ethan Allen to Jonathan Trumbull, Governor of Connecticut,”’ I, 319
18 NDAR, “‘Extract of a Letter from a Gentleman in New York, May 22 [1775],”’ I, 504
19 NDAR, “‘Ethan Allen to Jonathan Trumbull, Governor of Connecticut,”’ I, 319
20 Smith, Marines in the Revolution, 24
21 NDAR, “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety,”’ I, 330
22 Bird, Navies in the Mountains, 133-134, first names supplied from other sources.
23 NDAR, “‘Journal kept by Eleazer Oswald on Lake Champlain,”’ I, 312 and note
24 NDAR, “‘Journal kept by Eleazer Oswald on Lake Champlain,”’ I, 312 and note
25 NDAR, “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety, Cambridge,”’ I, 364-367
26 Bird, Navies in the Mountains, 133-134; NDAR, “‘Journal kept by Eleazer Oswald on Lake Champlain, I, 340 and note
27 NDAR, “‘Journal kept by Eleazer Oswald on Lake Champlain, I, 340 and note, perhaps anticipating by a few days.
28 NDAR, “‘Journal kept by Eleazer Oswald on Lake Champlain, I, 327 and note; “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety, Cambridge,”’ I, 364-367
29 DANFS, IV, 108; NDAR, “‘Journal kept by Eleazer Oswald on Lake Champlain,”’ I, 330 and note. DANFS gives the dates one day off.
30 NDAR, “‘Journal kept by Eleazer Oswald on Lake Champlain,”’ I, 340 and note
31 NDAR, “‘Journal Kept by Eleazer Oswald on Lake Champlain,”’ I, 344 and note; “‘Extract of a Letter From Crown Point, 19 May,”’ I, 367
32 NDAR, “‘Journal Kept by Eleazer Oswald on Lake Champlain,”’ I, 344 and note
33 NDAR, “‘Extract of a Letter From Crown Point, 19 May,”’ I, 367
34 NDAR, “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety, Cambridge,”’ I, 364-367
35 Smith, Marines in the Revolution, 26
36 NDAR, “‘Journal Kept by Eleazer Oswald on Lake Champlain,”’ I, 344 and note
37 NDAR, “‘Extract of a Letter From Crown Point, 19 May,”’ I, 367; “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety, Cambridge,”’ I, 364-367; “‘Journal Kept by Eleazer Oswald on Lake Champlain,”’ I, 344 and note
38 NDAR, “‘Journal kept by Eleazer Oswald on Lake Champlain,”’ I, 358
39 NDAR, “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety, Cambridge,”’ I, 364-367
40 NDAR, “‘Journal kept by Eleazer Oswald on Lake Champlain,”’ I, 358
41 NDAR, “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety, Cambridge,”’ I, 364-367
42 NDAR, “‘Journal kept by Eleazer Oswald on Lake Champlain,”’ I, 358
43 Bird, Navies in the Mountains, 134
44 NDAR, “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety, Cambridge,”’ I, 364-367; “‘Extract of a Letter From Crown Point,”’ I, 367 and note. DANFS, IV, 108 says six 6-pounders.
45 NDAR, “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety, Cambridge,”’ I, 364-367; “‘Extract of a Letter From Crown Point,”’ I, 367 and note
46 NDAR, “‘Extract of a Letter From Crown Point,”’ I, 367 and note
47 NDAR, “‘Journal kept by Eleazer Oswald on Lake Champlain,”’ I, 358; “‘Extract of a Letter From Crown Point,”’ I, 367 and note
48 NDAR, “‘Journal kept by Eleazer Oswald on Lake Champlain,”’ I, 358
49 NDAR, “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety, Cambridge,”’ I, 364-367
50 NDAR, “‘Extract of a Letter From Crown Point, 19 May,”’ I, 367
51 Bird, Navies in the Mountains, 136. According to Bird command of the Liberty went to a Captain Brown. However, Captain Jonathan Brown was sent to Massachusetts with a letter from Arnold on that date. NDAR, “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety, Cambridge,”’ I, 364-367
52 NDAR, “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Albany Committee of Safety,”’ I, 503-504 and 504 note
53 NDAR, “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety, Cambridge,”’ I, 364-367
54 NDAR, “‘Captain Benedict Arnold to Captain John Stephens,”’ I, 501-502
55 NDAR, “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Albany Committee pf Safety,”’ I, 503-504 and 504 note
56 NDAR, “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety,”’ I, 539; “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety,”’ I, 561-562 and 562 note
57 NDAR, “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Albany Committee pf Safety,”’ I, 503-504 and 504 note
58 NDAR, “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety,”’ Cambridge,”’ I, 512-513 and 513 note
59 NDAR, “‘Journal kept by Eleazer Oswald on Lake Champlain,”’ I, 513
60 NDAR, “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety,”’ I, 539
61NDAR, “‘Jesse Root to Silas Deane,”’ I, 528-529 and 529 note
62 NDAR, “‘Jesse Root to Silas Deane,”’ I, 528-529 and 529 note; “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety,”’ I, 539
63 NDAR, “‘Barnabas Deane to Silas Deane,”’ I, 589
64 NDAR, “‘Samuel Stringer, “‘Chairman Pro. Tem. of the Committee of the City of Albany, to the Provincial Congress of New York,”’ I, 539-540
65 NDAR, “‘Colonel Ethan Allen to the Continental Congress,”’ I, 563-564
66 NDAR, “‘Journal of the Provincial Congress of New York,”’ I, 603 and note
67 NDAR, “‘Colonel Benedict Arnold to the Continental Congress,”’ I, 671-673
68 NDAR, “‘Colonel Ethan Allen and Others to the Continental Congress, Philadelphia,”’ I, 646-647
69 NDAR, “‘Samuel Stringer, Chairman of the Albany Committee, to the Continental Congress,”’ I, 736-737
70 NDAR, “‘Report of the Committee Sent to Ticonderoga and Crown Point by the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts,”’ I, 825-827
71 NDAR, “‘Massachusetts Committee to Colonel Benedict Arnold,”’ I, 743; “‘Walter Spooner to Governor Jonathan Trumbull,”’ I, 807-808; “‘Report of the Committee Sent to Ticonderoga and Crown Point by the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts,”’ I, 825-827
72 NDAR, “‘Samuel Stringer, Chairman of the Albany Committee, to the Continental Congress,”’ I, 736-737
73 NDAR, “‘Captain Edward Mott to Governor Jonathan Trumbull,”’ I, 829-830
74 NDAR, “‘Captain Edward Mott to Governor Jonathan Trumbull,”’ I, 829-830
75 NDAR, “‘Major General Philip Schuyler to John Hancock, President of the Continental Congress,”’ I, 786-787; Bird, Navies in the Mountains, 144
76 NDAR, “‘Journal kept on board the Continental Schooner Liberty,”’ I, 1042
77 NDAR, “‘Major General Philip Schuyler to John Hancock, President of the Continental Congress,”’ I, 988-989 and 989 note
78 NDAR, “‘Journal Kept on Board the Continental Schooner Liberty,”’ I, 1012
79 NDAR, “‘Journal Kept on Board the Continental Schooner Liberty,”’ I, 1012
80 NDAR, “‘Journal Kept on Board the Continental Schooner Liberty,”’ I, 1023
81 NDAR, “‘Journal kept on board the Continental Schooner Liberty,”’ I, 1042
82NDAR, “‘Journal kept on board the Continental Schooner Liberty,”’ I, 1055
83NDAR, “‘Journal kept on board the Continental schooner Liberty,”’ I, 1042
84NDAR, “‘Examination of Private Peter Griffin,”’ I, 1231-1232
85NDAR, “‘Major John Brown to Brigadier General Richard Montgomery,”’ I, 1215-1217
86NDAR, “‘Examination of Private Peter Griffin,”’ I, 1231-1232
87NDAR, “‘Examination of Private Peter Griffin,”’ I, 1231-1232
88NDAR, “‘Major John Brown to Brigadier General Richard Montgomery,”’ I, 1215-1217
89NDAR, “‘Major John Brown to Brigadier General Richard Montgomery,”’ I, 1215-1217
90NDAR, “‘Examination of Private Peter Griffin,”’ I, 1231-1232; “‘Major General Philip Schuyler to John Hancock,”’ II, 43-45
91NDAR, “‘Major John Brown to Brigadier General Richard Montgomery,”’ I, 1215-1217
92NDAR, “‘Major General Philip Schuyler to the Commissioners for Indian Affairs in the Northern Department,”’ I, 1276
93 Smith, Marines in the Revolution, 27
94 Ward, War of the Revolution, i, 150
95 NDAR, “‘Major General Philip Schuyler to John Hancock,”’ II, 43-45
96 Ward, War of the Revolution, i, 151 indicates this action ocurred on 5 September.
97 NDAR, “‘Major General Philip Schuyler to John Hancock,”’ II, 43-45
98 Ward, War of the Revolution, i, 152
99 NDAR, “‘Major General Philip Schuyler to John Hancock,”’ II, 43-45
100 Ward, War of the Revolution, i, 152
101 Ward, War of the Revolution, i, 153
102 NDAR, “‘Extract of a letter from...Isle aux Noix, dated September 16, 1775,”’ II, 119
103 NDAR, “‘Major General Philip Schuyler to John Hancock,”’ II, 150-153
104 NDAR, “‘Extract of a letter from...Isle aux Noix, dated September 16, 1775,”’ II, 119
105 NDAR, “‘Major General Philip Schuyler to John Hancock,”’ II, 150-153
106 NDAR, “‘Extract of a letter from...Isle aux Noix, dated September 16, 1775,”’ II, 119
107 NDAR, “‘Extract of a letter from...Isle aux Noix, dated September 16, 1775,”’ II, 119; “‘Major General Philip Schuyler to John Hancock,”’ II, 150-153
108 NDAR, “‘General Orders of Major General Philip Schuyler,”’ II, 87; “‘Major General Philip Schuyler to John Hancock,”’ II, 150-153
109 NDAR, “‘General Orders of Major General Philip Schuyler,”’ II, 87
110 NDAR, “‘Major General Philip Schuyler to John Hancock,”’ II, 150-153
111 NDAR, “‘Brigadier General Richard Montgomey to Major General Philip Schuyler,”’ II, 145-146
112 NDAR, “‘Journal of David Safford,”’ II, 338-340 and 340 note
113 Bird, Navies in the Mountains, 152-153
114 NDAR, “‘Journal of David Safford,”’ II, 338-340 and 340 note
115 NDAR, “‘Journal of David Safford,”’ II, 338-340 and 340 note; “‘Major General Philip Schuyler to George Washington,”’ II, 162-163
116 NDAR, “‘Major General Philip Schuyler to George Washington,”’ II, 162-163
117 NDAR, “‘Journal of David Safford,”’ II, 338-340 and 340 note
118 NDAR, “‘Journal of David Safford,”’ II, 338-340 and 340 note; “‘Major General Philip Schuyler to George Washington,”’ II, 162-163
119 NDAR, “‘Major General Philip Schuyler to George Washington,”’ II, 162-163. However, this is identical to the report in “‘Major General Philip Schuyler to John Hancock,”’ II, 150-153, dated to the 19th. This must refer to an earlier incident on the 10th. In fact the two incidents are suspiciously similar.
120 NDAR, “‘The Journal of Robert Barwick During the Canadian Campaign,”’ II, 1387-1400
121 Bird, Navies in the Mountains, 158
122 NDAR, “‘Major General Philip Schuyler to John Hancock,”’ II, 1159-1160
123 NDAR, “‘Certificate of Commodore William Douglas,”’ II, 1231. One on 28 July and one on 9 September.
| Posted 5 July 2010 |
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